副词

副词的分类及特征

副词的分类及特征的用法

时间频率副词

now,then,often,always,usually,next,lastday,already(已经),generally(一般地),

frequently(频繁),seldom/hardly(很少地),ever,never,yet,soon,too, immediately(立即),

finally,shortly(很快), before, ago,sometimes, yesterday. once,twice,

lately,recently,personally,today……yet

地点副词

here, there, everywhere, anywhere,somewhere, in, out, inside, outside,

above, below, up,down, back, forward(向前地), home,

upstairs(楼上地), downstairs, across, along, round , around,

near, off, past, up, away, on.……

方式副词

carefully, properly(适当地), anxiously(焦虑地), suddenly, normally(正常地),

fast, well, calmly(冷静地), politely(有礼貌地), proudly(自豪地), softly,

warmly ,slowly,badly,hard,bravely……

程度副词

much,little, very,rather(相当),so,too,still, quite, perfectly(完美地),

enough, extremely(非常), entirely(整个),almost, slightly(细小地), hardly.……

疑问副词

how, when, where, why……

关系副词

when, where, why……

连接副词

therefore(因此),moreover(此外),however,otherwise(另外的),

then,when ,where,how,why……

表顺序的副词

first,then,next,finally,afterwards,primarily……

完成时的副词

already,ever,just,never,since,yet,recently……

副词的常见用法

副词在句中可作状语,表语,补语,定语。

He works hard. (作状语)
  他工作努力。

You speak English very well. (作状语)
  你英语讲得相当好。

Does she stay home? (作表语)
  她呆在家吗?

[she stays home是主系表结构,stay 此处是[linking verb 连系动词], home 是[adv.],作stay的表语]

[PS: 至于she stays at home...此处stay是实义动词,整个句子是主谓结构,at home是介词短语做地点状语]

Let's be out. (作表语)
  让我们出去吧。

Food here is hard to get. (here作定语,hard作状语)
  这儿很难弄到食物。

Let him out!(作补语)
  让他出去!

修饰名词的副词放在被修饰词之后

a. The villagers there are busy getting in wheat


副词的句法功能

副词的句法功能

1.作状语可以修饰动词。形容词。其他副词或者全句

例如:You are driving too fast.

2。作表语主要指主语的方位,方向,动作,状态等。

例如:Is anyone upstairs?楼上有人吗?

3.作介词宾语主要是表示地点时间的副词

例如:It is hot in here.

4.作定语主要为表示时间和地点的副词

例如:The air here is very fresh.

5.作补足语主要说明宾语和主语所处的位置,状态等。

例如:让孩子们进来

 Ask the children in.

时间副词

表示发生时间的副词

Now  then  just now  right now  today before  soon  ago tomorrow yesterday recently  tonight

表示频繁程度的副词

Always constantly 频繁的 frequently 常常

Never  regularly  often  rarely seldom sometimes  usually

其他时间副词

Already  early  finally next just then 

地点副词

表示地点,位置或方向的副词

Aboard在国外 ahead在前面 back down 

Eastward向东 away在远处

方式副词

Angrily  anxiously badly calmly carefully clearly  closely eagerly

程度副词

Absolutely  almost  entirely fully 

评论副词

Luckily  happily  generally  fortunately幸运地

疑问副词

Where when why how 

连接副词是引导从句或者是不定式


副词的位置

副词的位置的用法

1) 多数副词放在动词后面,或者放在be动词、助动词或情态动词之后,实义动词之前。 如果实义动词后有宾语,则放于宾语之后。

I am also Bush.
  我也是布什。

I can also do that.
  我也可以这样做。

I also want to play that games.
  我也想玩这游戏。

I get up early in the morning every day.
  每一天的早晨我都起得很早。

She didn't drink water enough.
  她没有喝足够的水 。

We can go to this school freely.
  我们可以免费到这家学校学习。

They left a life hardly then.
  当时他们的生活很艰难。

I have seen this film twice with my friends.
  这部电影我和朋友看过两次。

2) 副词修饰形容词,副词时,一般放在被修饰词之前,但enough除外。

It's rather easy, I can do it.
  这很容易,我能做到。

He did it quite well.
  他做得相当好。

It's rather difficult to tell who is right.
  很难说谁是对的。

He didn't run fast enough to catch the train.
  他的奔跑速度不足以快到能够追上火车。

3) 频度副词可放在实义动词的前面,情态动词和助动词的后面。

I often help him these days.
  这些日子我经常帮助他。

I always remember the day when I first came to this school.
  我常常记得我第一次来学校的那一天。

You mustn't always help me.
  你不能老是帮助我。

We usually go shopping once a week.
  我们通常一周买一次东西。

The new students don't always go to dance.
  新学生并不时常去跳舞。

4) 疑问副词,连接副词,关系副词以及修饰整个句子的副词,通常放在句子或从句的前面。

When do you study everyday?
  你每天什么时间学习?

Can you tell me how you did it?
  你能告诉我你如何做的吗?

First, let me ask you some questions.
  先让我来问几个问题。

How much does this bike cost?
  这辆车子多少钱?

The students were reading when the teacher came into the classroom.
  当老师进教室时,学生们正在读书。

5) 时间副词和地点副词在一个句中, 地点副词在前面,时间副词在后面。

We went shopping in the supermarket at 9 o'clock yesterday.
  昨天九点钟我们到超市买东西了.

What were you doing in the classroom yesterday afternoon?
  昨天下午你在教室里干什么?

The accident took place in the Eleven Avenue one hour ago.
  这场事故在一小时前发生在十一号大街。

6)否定副词在句首,句子要部分倒装。

Never have I felt so excited!
  我从来没有觉得这么激动!


副词的比较等级

副词的比较等级的用法

副词和形容词一样,也有它的比较级和最高级形式. 可以参考形容词的变换形式。但以词尾 -ly 结尾的副词(除 early )须用 more 和 most 。

  hard-harder-hardest
  fast-faster-fastest
  early-earlier-earliest
  much-more-most
  warmly-more warmly-most warmly

单音节副词的比较级是在副词后面加上 -er 构成的,最高级是在副词后面加上 -est 构成的。

  near-nearer-nearest
  hard-harder-hardest

多音节副词的比较级是在副词的前面加上 -more 构成的。 最高级是在副词前面加上 -most 构成的。

  warmly-more warmly-most warmly
  successfully-more successfully-most successfully

有些副词的比较级和最高级形式是不规则的。

  well-better-best
  little-less-least
  much-more-most
  badly-worse-worst
  far-farther-farthest
  far-further-furthest

副词的比较级和最高级用法同形容词的比较级用法基本一样。 最高级形式句中 the 可以省略。

He works harder than me.
  他比我工作努力。

Lucy gets up earlier than Lili.
  露西比丽丽起床早。

He runs fastest in our class.
  他在我们班跑地最快。

He dives deeper than his teammates.
  他比他的队员潜水深。

It's true that he speak English more fluently than any of us.
  他英语讲的确实比我们任何人都好。

Our school team play football best in our region.
  我们校队在我们地区足球踢得最好的。


综合自:

https://m.yixuela.com/article/62

https://m.yixuela.com/article/61

https://m.yixuela.com/article/60

https://m.yixuela.com/article/59

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